How does total suspended solids (TSS) impact aquatic ecosystems?

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) significantly impacts aquatic ecosystems primarily by obstructing light penetration. High levels of TSS can result from various sources, including runoff and wastewater discharge, which carry fine particles, organic matter, and sediments into water bodies. When TSS levels are elevated, the water becomes turbid, reducing the amount of sunlight that penetrates through the water column.

This diminished light penetration adversely affects aquatic plants, particularly photosynthetic organisms such as algae and submerged vegetation. These plants rely on sunlight to perform photosynthesis, which is essential for their growth. When light is obstructed, photosynthesis is reduced, leading to lower oxygen production and affecting the entire food web, as many aquatic organisms depend on these plants either directly for food or indirectly for habitat and oxygen.

Furthermore, excessive TSS can lead to other ecological consequences, such as sedimentation on the bottom of water bodies. This can smother benthic habitats, disrupt spawning grounds, and alter habitats for fish and invertebrates. Therefore, the role of TSS in obstructing light penetration is critical in understanding its impact on aquatic ecosystems.