What does the flocculation process achieve in wastewater treatment?

Flocculation is a key process in wastewater treatment that involves the aggregation of small particles suspended in the water into larger clusters, also known as flocs. This process enhances the removal of suspended solids from the wastewater. When chemicals called flocculants are added to the wastewater, they promote the bonding of these particles, allowing them to form larger aggregates that settle more easily during subsequent processes like sedimentation.

By achieving this aggregation, the flocculation process significantly improves the efficiency of the overall treatment system. Once the flocs are formed, they can be removed through physical processes such as sedimentation, making it easier to clarify the water and reduce the number of pollutants before further treatment or discharge.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the flocculation process. Breaking down organic matter pertains to biological treatment methods, evaporating excess water refers to dewatering processes, and sterilization involves the use of disinfection methods, which are separate steps in wastewater treatment. Thus, the focus of flocculation on aggregation distinctly highlights its role in enhancing the removal of particles in wastewater treatment processes.