What is a primary environmental concern associated with excessive phosphorus in water bodies?

Excessive phosphorus in water bodies is a primary environmental concern because it can lead to eutrophication, which is characterized by excessive growth of algae. When phosphorus levels are elevated, it acts as a nutrient that stimulates algal blooms. These blooms can cover the surface of water bodies, blocking sunlight and disrupting the aquatic ecosystem. As the algae die off, they decompose, a process that consumes significant amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water. This depletion of oxygen can create hypoxic conditions, which are detrimental to fish and other aquatic organisms.

Furthermore, the presence of excessive algae not only alters the water quality but can also lead to the production of toxins harmful to wildlife and humans. Therefore, managing phosphorus levels is critical for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems and ensuring water quality.