What is the primary focus of biological treatment processes in wastewater treatment?

The primary focus of biological treatment processes in wastewater treatment is the decomposition of organic matter. These processes utilize microorganisms, such as bacteria, to break down organic pollutants and materials present in the wastewater. By doing so, they convert complex organic substances into simpler compounds, carbon dioxide, and cellular biomass. This breakdown is essential for reducing the organic load on subsequent treatment stages and ultimately improving water quality before discharge or reuse.

Biological treatment is effective for targeting the organic constituents of sewage, which make up a significant portion of the contaminants present. This process not only enhances the clarity and quality of the wastewater but also helps in minimizing negative environmental impacts and public health risks associated with untreated wastewater.

While other treatment processes, such as physical separation and chemical neutralization, play vital roles in comprehensive wastewater management, the decomposition of organic matter stands as the cornerstone of biological treatment methodologies, reflecting its primary objective and function in the treatment framework.