Which four constituents are commonly tested in wastewater?

The correct answer highlights four important constituents that are routinely tested in wastewater to assess water quality and treatment effectiveness: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), ammonia nitrogen, and fecal coliform.

BOD is a critical measure of organic pollutant levels in wastewater, indicating the amount of oxygen that microorganisms will consume while decomposing organic matter. It serves as a key indicator of the organic strength of wastewater and helps determine the necessary treatment processes.

TSS measures the concentration of solid particles suspended in water, providing insights into water clarity and quality. High levels of TSS can impede treatment processes and can also affect aquatic life in receiving waters.

Ammonia nitrogen is an essential parameter indicating the presence of nitrogen compounds. It often originates from organic waste and is toxic to aquatic organisms at elevated levels. Monitoring its concentration is vital for understanding nutrient dynamics and ensuring regulatory compliance.

Fecal coliform bacteria are used as an indicator of fecal contamination and potential pathogens in wastewater. Their presence suggests that harmful microorganisms may be present, so testing for fecal coliform is crucial for evaluating public health risks and the effectiveness of wastewater treatment disinfection processes.

Together, these four constituents provide a comprehensive overview of wastewater quality issues and guide