Which process is primarily responsible for the breakdown of organic matter in treated wastewater?

The breakdown of organic matter in treated wastewater is primarily achieved through aerobic respiration. This process involves microorganisms utilizing oxygen to decompose organic substances, converting them into carbon dioxide, water, and new microbial biomass. Aerobic respiration is a fundamental aspect of biological treatment processes, such as activated sludge systems, where a diverse community of aerobic bacteria plays a crucial role in efficiently degrading organic pollutants present in wastewater.

The presence of oxygen in this process promotes a higher rate of organic matter reduction compared to anaerobic processes, leading to more effective treatment outcomes. Therefore, the emphasis on aerobic respiration reflects its key role in maintaining water quality and protecting the environment by ensuring that harmful organic compounds are effectively treated before the effluent is discharged.