Why is disinfection important in the wastewater treatment process?

Disinfection is a crucial step in the wastewater treatment process because it specifically targets and eliminates pathogenic microorganisms present in the effluent before it is discharged into the environment. This step is vital for public health and environmental protection, as untreated or inadequately treated wastewater can contain harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites that pose significant health risks to humans and aquatic ecosystems.

By effectively removing these pathogens, disinfection helps prevent the spread of waterborne diseases among populations that may come into contact with the treated water. Additionally, it contributes to the overall safety and quality of the water being released back into natural water bodies, thereby protecting wildlife and preserving ecosystem health.

The other options do not accurately represent the primary purpose of disinfection in the wastewater treatment process. Improving odor, ensuring chemical balance, and reducing treatment costs are important aspects of the treatment process, but they are not the main focus of the disinfection step.